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gray langur
Gray langurs or Hanuman langurs, the most widespread langurs of South Asia, are a group of Old World monkeys constituting the entirety of the genus ''Semnopithecus''. All taxa have traditionally been placed in the single species ''Semnopithecus entellus''.〔 In 2001, it was recommended that several distinctive former subspecies should be given species status, so that seven species are recognized.〔Groves C. (2001). ''Primate taxonomy''. Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 1-56098-872-X〕 A taxonomic classification with fewer species has also been proposed.〔Brandon-Jones, D. (2004). (''A taxonomic revision of the langurs and leaf monkeys (Primates: Colobinae) of South Asia'' ). Zoos' Print Journal 19 (8): 1552–1594.〕 Genetic evidence suggests that the Nilgiri langur and purple-faced langur, which usually are placed in the genus ''Trachypithecus'', actually belong in ''Semnopithecus''.
Gray langurs are large and fairly terrestrial, inhabiting forest, open lightly wooded habitats, and urban areas on the Indian subcontinent. Most species are found at low to moderate altitudes, but the Nepal gray langur and Kashmir gray langur occur up to in the Himalayas.〔〔
==Characteristics==
These langurs are largely gray (some more yellowish), with a black face and ears. Externally, the various species mainly differ in the darkness of the hands and feet, the overall color and the presence or absence of a crest.〔〔 Typically all north Indian gray langurs have their tail tips looping towards their head during a casual walk whereas all south Indian and Sri Lankan gray langurs have an inverted "U" shape or a "S" tail carriage pattern. There are also significant variations in the size depending on the sex, with the male always larger than the female. The head-and-body length is from . Their tails, at are always longer than their bodies.〔 Langurs from the southern part of their range are smaller than those from the north. At , the heaviest langur ever recorded was a male Nepal gray langur.〔 The larger gray langurs are rivals for the largest species of monkey found in Asia. The average weight of gray langurs is in the males and in the females.〔
Langurs mostly walk quadrupedally and spend half their time on the ground and the other half in the trees. They will also make bipedal hops, climbing and descending supports with the body upright, and leaps. Langurs can leap horizontally and in descending.〔
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